How Vespasian’s 70 CE urine tax on public latrines filled imperial coffers and spurred debates on purity and profit
Vespasian’s Urine Tax: Funding Rome Through the Public Latrine Levy
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Economy and Trade
Tributes and Taxes: How Rome Financed an Expanding Republic in 150 BC
Dive into the world of Roman taxation during the Republic’s expansion in 150 BC and how it funded the rise of a Mediterranean empire.
Ostia: The Lifeline of Imperial Rome’s Maritime Trade
Uncover the story of Ostia, Rome’s ancient harbor, and its crucial role in feeding and fueling the empire.
Feeding the Masses: The Roman Grain Dole and Urban Welfare in the 1st Century AD
Explore how the Roman grain dole (annona) sustained the capital’s population and shaped politics, economy, and social stability in the 1st century AD.
Roman Vineyards and Wine Production in the 1st Century AD: The Taste of Empire
Explore how Romans grew, harvested, and crafted wine in the 1st century AD—turning viticulture into an industry and symbol of civilization.
Minting Power: The Roman Coinage System in the 1st Century AD
Uncover how Roman coins were minted in the 1st century AD—tools of economy, propaganda, and imperial control across the empire.
A Day at the Market: Commerce and Culture in a Roman Provincial Town, 2nd Century AD
Step into a bustling Roman market of the 2nd century AD and explore how trade, daily life, and cultural exchange thrived in the provinces.
Commerce by the Sea: Roman Harbors and Maritime Trade in the 1st Century AD
Explore life and logistics in Roman harbors during the 1st century AD—hubs of trade, customs, and economic power in the ancient empire.
Markets of Ancient Rome: The Heart of Trade and Commerce
Discover the bustling markets of ancient Rome, where merchants traded goods from across the empire, shaping the city’s economy.
The Roman Marketplace: The Heart of Ancient Commerce
Discover how Roman marketplaces functioned as centers of trade, social life, and political discourse in the ancient empire.
