How the Aventine triad’s temple (493 BCE) turned ritual into law, archives, and grain—shaping plebeian identity in the early Republic.
Ceres, Liber, and Libera on the Aventine: How a Temple Forged Plebeian Power in 493 BCE
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Roman Republic
The Secession of the Plebs in 494 BC: Rome’s First Social Revolution
Learn how the Secession of the Plebs in 494 BC reshaped the Roman Republic, giving rise to the Tribune of the Plebs and a new balance of power.
Rebuilding Rome’s Heart: The Construction of the Curia Julia in 29 BC
Discover how Julius Caesar and Augustus transformed Rome’s Senate House into the enduring Curia Julia, shaping political life for centuries.
Tributes and Taxes: How Rome Financed an Expanding Republic in 150 BC
Dive into the world of Roman taxation during the Republic’s expansion in 150 BC and how it funded the rise of a Mediterranean empire.
The Twelve Tables: Rome’s First Codified Laws and Their Lasting Legacy
Discover how the Law of the Twelve Tables, created in 451 BC, laid the foundation for Roman legal tradition and modern jurisprudence.
Cornelia Africana: The Matron Who Shaped Rome’s Future Statesmen
Explore how Cornelia’s wisdom and dedication to her sons laid foundations for Roman reformers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.
Cicero’s Catiline Oration: Defending the Republic from Conspiracy, 63 BC
In 63 BC, Marcus Tullius Cicero delivered his First Oration against Catiline in the Senate, exposing a plot against the Republic and affirming the rule of law over tyranny.
Spartacus and the Slave Revolt: The Uprising That Shook Rome, 73–71 BC
In 73–71 BC, the gladiator Spartacus led a massive slave rebellion against Rome, challenging the Republic’s power and leaving a legacy of resistance and freedom.
The Battle of Lake Regillus: Rome’s Mythic Victory Over the Latins, 496 BC
In 496 BC, the Roman Republic faced off against the Latin League at Lake Regillus. Led by Aulus Postumius Albinus, Rome claimed a legendary victory that shaped its early identity.
Scipio at Zama: The Battle That Shattered Hannibal’s Dream, 202 BC
In 202 BC, Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama—ending the Second Punic War and securing Rome’s dominance over the western Mediterranean.
